Boiling Points and Densities in Cryogenic Gas
Understanding the boiling points and densities of industrial gases such as oxygen, nitrogen, and argon is crucial for various applications in cryogenics, gas production, and transportation. These properties influence how gases are stored, handled, and used under varying pressure conditions. This article delves into these gases’ boiling points and densities at different pressures, providing valuable insights for industry professionals.
Boiling Points and Densities: What You Need to Know
Boiling points and densities of gases are fundamental properties that determine how gases behave under different conditions. The boiling point is the temperature at which a liquid turns into vapour, while the density is the mass per unit volume of the liquid. These properties vary with pressure, and understanding these variations is essential for efficient gas management.
Boiling Point Chart
| Pressure (psig) | Oxygen (Density lb/ft³, Boiling Point °F) | Nitrogen (Density lb/ft³, Boiling Point °F) | Argon (Density lb/ft³, Boiling Point °F) |
| 0 | 71.2, -297 | 50.5, -321 | 87.7, -303 |
| 10 | 69.6, -288 | 48.9, -312 | 85.4, -293 |
| 20 | 68.5, -281 | 47.8, -306 | 83.7, -286 |
| 30 | 67.5, -275 | 47.0, -301 | 82.4, -281 |
| 40 | 66.6, -271 | 46.2, -297 | 81.2, -276 |
| 50 | 65.9, -267 | 45.6, -293 | 80.2, -272 |
| 60 | 65.2, -263 | 45.0, -290 | 79.2, -269 |
| 70 | 64.5, -260 | 44.4, -287 | 78.4, -265 |
| 80 | 63.9, -257 | 43.9, -284 | 77.6, -262 |
| 90 | 63.4, -254 | 43.4, -282 | 76.8, -259 |
| 100 | 62.8, -251 | 42.9, -279 | 76.1, -257 |
| 110 | 62.3, -249 | 42.4, -277 | 75.4, -254 |
| 120 | 61.8, -247 | 42.0, -275 | 74.8, -252 |
| 130 | 61.3, -244 | 41.5, -273 | 74.2, -250 |
| 140 | 60.9, -242 | 41.1, -271 | 73.6, -248 |
| 150 | 60.4, -240 | 40.7, -269 | 73.0, -246 |
| 160 | 60.0, -238 | 40.3, -268 | 72.4, -244 |
| 170 | 59.5, -237 | 39.9, -266 | 71.8, -242 |
| 180 | 59.1, -235 | 39.5, -264 | 71.3, -240 |
| 190 | 58.7, -233 | 39.1, -263 | 70.8, -239 |
| 200 | 58.3, -232 | 38.7, -261 | 70.3, -237 |
| 210 | 57.9, -230 | 38.4, -260 | 69.7, -235 |
| 220 | 57.5, -228 | 38.0, -259 | 69.2, -234 |
| 230 | 57.1, -227 | 37.6, -257 | 68.7, -232 |
| 240 | 56.7, -226 | 37.2, -256 | 68.3, -231 |
| 250 | 56.3, -224 | 36.9, -255 | 67.8, -230 |
Practical Applications
Data on boiling points and densities are critical for designing and operating equipment that stores or transports these gases. For instance, cryogenic tanks must maintain the gases at specific temperatures and pressures to keep them in a liquid state. Knowing the boiling points helps set these parameters accurately, ensuring safety and efficiency.
Visualizing the Data
Consider using graphical representations to make the data more accessible. A pressure vs. boiling point graph can show how the boiling point of each gas decreases with increasing pressure. Similarly, a bar chart can illustrate the density variations at different pressures.
Summary
Oxygen Boiling point: ranges from -297°F at 0 psig to -224°F at 250 psig, decreasing density from 71.2 lb/ft³ to 56.3 lb/ft³.
Nitrogen Boiling point: ranges from -321°F at 0 psig to -255°F at 250 psig, decreasing density from 50.5 lb/ft³ to 36.9 lb/ft³.
Argon Boiling point: ranges from -303°F at 0 psig to -230°F at 250 psig, decreasing density from 87.7 lb/ft³ to 67.8 lb/ft³.
Conclusion
Understanding the boiling points and densities of oxygen, nitrogen, and argon at various pressures is essential for their efficient and safe use in industrial applications. These properties influence the design and operation of storage and transportation systems, ensuring that gases are handled correctly to maintain their liquid state.
References
Reference: Property Data from sources like the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST).
No comment